The impact of the diversity of the board of directors in the adoption of risk management and control practices

Authors

Keywords:

Corporate governance, Diversity, Risk control, Risk management.

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of board diversity in the adoption of management practices and risk control of 236 Chilean public limited companies in the period 2015-2019. For this, a descriptive-correlational study was carried out, considering the diversity of gender, nationality, and age of the board of directors, and the degree of adoption of risk management and control practices proposed by the local regulator. Through a regression analysis between the study variables, it was shown that diversity of gender and nationality has a positive and significant impact on the adoption of risk management and control practices, but not age diversity, which does not have a significant impact on the adoption of risk management and control practices. It was concluded that the boards do not present a tendency towards heterogeneity in their conformation, being composed chiefly of male directors of Chilean nationality and in an age range between 50 and 70 years, leaving evidence of stagnation in the diversity rates of this decision-making body, as well as the low adoption of corporate practices related to risk control and management in companies in the Chilean stock market.

Author Biographies

Pablo Esteban Godoy Ávila, Universidad de Talca

Management Control Engineer and Public Accountant and Auditor. Research assistant at the Accounting Research and Studies Center of the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Talca.

Pamela Alejandra Vera Ibar, Universidad de Talca

Management Control Engineer and Public Accountant and Auditor. Research assistant at the Accounting Research and Studies Center of the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Talca.

Felipe Eduardo Arenas Torres, Universidad de Talca

Doctor in Law and Business Administration from the University of Lleida, Spain. Master in Accounting and Auditing from the University of Santiago de Chile. Academic and Researcher at the Faculty of Economics and Business, and member of the Center for Research and Accounting Studies at the University of Talca, Chile. Director of the Master of Business Administration (MBA) at the University of Talca. His main publications focus on the study of diversity in the composition of the board of directors and the adoption of corporate governance practices in public interest companies. Finally, the academic is a specialist advisor in corporate governance. Line of interest Corporate Governments and Audit Procedures.

Valentín Adolfo Santander Ramírez, Universidad de Talca

Doctor in Human and Social Sciences from the University of Almería, Spain. Master in Business Management and Organization (International Business) from the University of Lleida, Spain. Master in General Business Management from IEDE, Chile. Academic and Researcher at the Faculty of Economics and Business, and Director of the Center for Research and Accounting Studies at the University of Talca, Chile. Director of the Audit and Management Control Engineering School. Line of interest Management of organizations, Interculturality in the business field, Public Accountant Education.

References

Arenas, F., Bustamante, U., y Campos, R. (2021). La incidencia de la adopción de prácticas de gobierno corporativo en las rentabilidades de las sociedades anónimas chilenas. Revista Globalización, Competitividad y Gobernabilidad, 15(3), 79-93. DOI: 10.3232/GCG.2021.V15.N3.04

Arenas, F., Santander, V., y Campos, R. (2020). La incidencia de la diversidad en el funcionamiento del consejo de administración en Chile, período 2015-2017. Revista Globalización, Competitividad y Gobernabilidad, 14(2), 34-49. DOI: 10.3232/GCG.2020.V14.N2.01

Arenas, F., Campos, R., y Santander, V. (2019). Adopción de prácticas de gobierno corporativo del mercado chileno en el trienio 2015 – 2017. Visión de Futuro, 23(2), 37-55.

Arnaboldi, F., Casu B., Kalotychou E., y Sarkisyan A. (2020) The performance effects of board heterogeneity: what works for EU banks?. The European Journal of Finance, 26(10), 897-924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2018.1479719

Artaza, O. (2013). Sistemas de prevención de delitos o programas de cumplimiento: Breve descripción de las reglas técnicas de gestión del riesgo empresarial y su utilidad en sede jurídico penal. Política criminal, 8(16), 544-573. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992013000200006

Bektur, C., y Arzova, S. (2020). The effect of women managers in the board of directors of companies on the integrated reporting: example of Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) Sustainability Index. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2020.1796417

Bernal, C. (2010). Metodología de la Investigación (Tercera Edición). Pearson Educación. Colombia, 2010.

Brito, D. (2018). El riesgo empresarial. Universidad y Sociedad, 10(1), 269-277

Bruna, M., Dang, R., Scotto, M., y Ammari, A. (2019). Does board gender diversity affect firm risk‐taking? Evidence from the French stock market. Journal of Management and Governance, 23(4), 915–938. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-019-09473-1

Cedeño, R., y Morell, L. (2018). La gestión de riesgos en Ecuador: una aproximación evolutiva desde el control interno. Cofín Habana, 12(2), 306-318

Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2013). Internal Control - Integrated Framework, Executive Summary. Recuperado de https://www.coso.org/Documents/990025P-Executive-Summary-final-may20.pdf

Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2017). Enterprise Risk Management - Integrating with Strategy and Performance, Executive Summary. Recuperado de https://www.coso.org/Documents/2017-COSO-ERM-Integrating-with-Strategy-and-Performance-Executive-Summary.pdf

Ferrero, I., Fernández M., y Muñoz, J. (2015). Age Diversity: An Empirical Study in the Board of Directors. Cybernetics and Systems, 46 (3-4), 249-270. DOI: 10.1080/01969722.2015.1012894

García-Meca, E., García-Sánchez, I., y Martínez-Ferrero J. (2014) Board diversity and its effects on bank performance: An international analysis. Journal of Banking & Finance, 53, 202-214. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.12.002

Gobierno de Chile. (1999). Ley 19.611. Diario Oficial de la República de Chile. Santiago, Chile.

Gobierno de Chile. (2001). Ley 19.759. Diario Oficial de la República de Chile. Santiago, Chile.

Gobierno de Chile. (2009a). Ley 20.348. Diario Oficial de la República de Chile. Santiago, Chile.

Gobierno de Chile. (2009b). Ley 20.393. Diario Oficial de la República de Chile. Santiago, Chile.

Godoy, M., Walker, E., y Zegers, M. (2018). Análisis del primer intento de imponer autorregulación sobre gobierno corporativo en Chile: Resultados de un Oxímoron. Revista Chile de Derecho, 45(1), 179-210. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34372018000100179

Grant Thornton. (2019). Women in Business: Building a Blueprint for Action; Grant Thornton Grant Thornton International Ltd.: London, UK, 2019

Harjoto, M., Laksmana, I., y Yang, Y. (2019), Board nationality and educational background diversity and corporate social performance. Corporate Governance, 19(2), 217-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-04-2018-0138

Hernández, R., Fernández, C., y Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la Investigación (Sexta Edición). McGRAW-HILL

Hume, I. (2012). Internal controls in an international financial institution. Public Money & Management. 32 (2). 137-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2012.656020

Hurley, D., y Choudhary, A. (2020). Role of gender and corporate risk taking. Corporate Governance: International Journal of Business in Society, 20(3), 383-399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-10-2018-0313

Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA). (2018). Marco de Referencia COBIT 2019, Introducción y Metodología.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2018). ISO 31000:2018(es) Gestión del riesgo — Directrices. Recuperado de https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:31000:ed-2:v1:es

Ionascu M., Ionascu I., Sacarin M., y Minu M. (2018). Women on Boards and Financial Performance: Evidence from a European Emerging Market. Sustainability, 10(5), 1644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051644

Kam, C., Yining, C. y Baohua, L. (2020). The Linear and Non-Linear Effects of Internal Control and Its Five Components on Corporate Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Firms Using the COSO Framework. European Accounting Review. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2020.1776626

Kamalnath, A. (2018). Gender Diversity as the Antidote to ‘Groupthink’ on Corporate Boards. Deakin Law Review, 22, 85-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21153/dlr2017vol22no1art723

Koitiro, E., y Toshiro, W. (2018). Diversidade do conselho de administração e a estrutura de capital. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 17(6), 551-563. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020180604

Larraz, B., Pavía, J., y Vila, L. (2019). Beyond the gender pay gap. Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 81(2019), 1-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29101/crcs.v26i81.11579

Leitch, M. (2010). ISO 31000:2009—The New International Standard on Risk Management. Risk Analysis, 30(6), 887-892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01397.x

Lizarzaburu, E., Barriga G., Burneo, K., y Noriega, E. (2019). Gestión Integral de Riesgos y Antisoborno: Un enfoque operacional desde la perspectiva ISO 31000 e ISO 37001. Universidad & Empresa, 21(36), 79-118. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/empresa/a.6089

Mendoza, D., Briano, G., y Saavedra, M. (2018). Diversidad de género en posiciones estratégicas y el nivel de endeudamiento: evidencia en empresas cotizadas mexicanas. Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época. 13(4). 631-654. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21919/remef.v13i4.343

Moraga, H., y Ropero, E. (2018). Gobierno Corporativo y desempeño financiero de las empresas más importantes del mercado bursátil chileno. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 23(81), 145-162

Moraga, H., y Rossi, M. (2019). Gobierno corporativo y riesgo de quiebra en las empresas chilenas. Globalización, Competitividad y Gobernabilidad, 23(1), 112-125. DOI: 10.3232/GCG.2019.V13.N1.06

Muhammad, M., Mahbub, Z. y Sherrena, B. (2020). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: Role of the risk committee. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 16(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2019.100178

Nadeem, M., Suleman, T. y Ahmed, A (2019). Women on boards, firm risk and the profitability nexus: Does gender diversity moderate the risk and return relationship? International Review of Economics & Finance, 64, 427-442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2019.08.007

Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J., Gerhart, B. y Wright, P. (2013) Fundamentals of Human Resource Management: Fifth Edition. Editorial McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). (2016). Principios de Gobierno Corporativo de la OCDE y del G20. Editions OCDE, Paris. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264259171-es

Prewett, K., y Terry, A. (2018). COSO's Updated Enterprise Risk Management Framework—A Quest for Depth and Clarity, The Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 29(3), 16-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.22346

PwC y Universidad de Los Andes. (2016). Implementación de la Norma de Carácter General N°385: Estatus de los directorios en Chile. Recuperado de https://www.pwc.com/cl/es/publicaciones/assets/2016/Estatus_de_los_directorios_en_chile_en_NCG385.ptx.pdf

PwC, Fundación Chile Mujeres, y Diario La Tercera. (2020). Directoras en Chile, nuevos desafíos. 5° Estudio Impulsa. Recuperado de https://www.pwc.com/cl/es/Publicaciones/Directoras-en-Chile-nuevos-desafiios.html

Saona, P., Muro, L., San Martín, P., y Baier-Fuentes, H. (2019). Board of director’s gender diversity and its impact on earnings management: An empirical analysis for select European firms. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 25(4), 634-663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2019.9381

Servicio de Impuestos Internos. (2018). ¿Cómo se clasifican las empresas según sus ingresos por ventas, de acuerdo a la ley? Recuperado de https://www.sii.cl/preguntas_frecuentes/catastro/001_012_6503.htm

Servicio de Impuestos Internos. (2020). Todos los códigos de actividad económica. Recuperado de https://www.sii.cl/ayudas/ayudas_por_servicios/1956-codigos-1959.html

Silva, H., Silveira, D., Dornelas, J., y Ferreira, H. (2020). Information Technology Governance In Small and Medium Enterprises - A Systematic Mapping. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 17 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4301/s1807-1775202017001

Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros. (2015a). Norma de Carácter General N° 385. SVS, Santiago

Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros. (2015b). Norma de Carácter General N° 386. SVS, Santiago

Tran, C.D., Phung, M.T., Yang, F.J., y Wang, Y.H. (2020). The Role of Gender Diversity in Downside Risk: Empirical Evidence from Vietnamese Listed Firms. Mathematics 2020, 8(6), 933. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/math8060933

Tresierra, Á., Flores, C., y Samamé, X. (2016). La presencia de la mujer en el directorio y su relación con el desempeño financiero de la empresa. Innovar, 26(59), 101-118. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v26n59.54366

Tyson. (2003). Tyson Report on the Recruitment and Development of non - executive directors. London Business School

Udeh, I. (2020). Observed effectiveness of the COSO 2013 framework. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 16(1), 31-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-07-2018-0064

Velásquez, T., Puentes, A. y Pérez, Y. (2015). Un enfoque de buenas prácticas de gobierno corporativo de TI. Revista Tecnura. 19. 159-169. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.tecnura.2015.SE1.a14

Wang, L.H., Lin, C.H., Fung, H.G., y Chen, H.M. (2015). Governance mechanisms and downside risk. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 35(2015), 485-498. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.09.001

World Economic Forum. (2020). Global Gender Gap Report 2020. Recuperado de https://www.weforum.org/reports/gender-gap-2020-report-100-years-pay-equality

Published

2024-06-10

How to Cite

Godoy Ávila, P. E., Vera Ibar, P. A., Arenas Torres, F. E., & Santander Ramírez, V. A. (2024). The impact of the diversity of the board of directors in the adoption of risk management and control practices. Scientific Journal Visión De Futuro, 28(2). Retrieved from https://revistacientifica.fce.unam.edu.ar/index.php/visiondefuturo/article/view/841

Issue

Section

Original Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.